CONTRIBUTION OF SOME EMINENT SCIENTIST

He was a great astronomer and an eminent mathematician. He was born in 476 A.D. and probably hailed from kusumapura in patliputra (modern Patna in Bihar). He propounded that the Earth was a sphere and it rotates on its axis. On the basis of his observation, he was able to successfully propose a theory of the cause of lunar and solar Eclipses and said that the Eclipse was not caused by ‘Rahu’ but by the shadow of the Earth and the Moon.

Aryabhata also laid the foundation of algebra and made many new observations in geometry. He was one of the greatest scientists of ancient India. He wrote two works entitled to “Aryabhatiya” in 499 A.D. and another a lost treatise in which fully explained the Ardharatrika system. His masterpiece works “Aryabhtiya” consists of four parts viz.
i) Dasgitika
ii) Ganitapada on mathematics
iii) Kalakriyapada on the reckoning of time and the planetary models
iv) Golapada on the Sphere including Eclipses. Aryabhata’s
v) Work was translated into Arabic in 800 A.D. under the title “Zil-al-Arjabhar.” His work has been commented and translated by many scholars into many Indian and foreign language.

He was a great Polish astronomer who first realized that the Earth revolves around the Sun. He was born in Torun. Poland and went to the university in bologna, Italy, while waiting to take up a position as a priest. It was at Bologna that he studied the greatest findings of ancient Greek astronomers and soon become fascinated by the work of Ptolemy and his popular theory that the Sun revolves around the Earth. This theory was accepted by the Greek astronomers. Nicolaus Copernicus returned home to be a priest. However, he continued with his observations of the planets. Soon he discovered that Ptolemy was wrong and the Earth revolves around the sun.

Copernicus wrote about his findings but refused to publish his work. His friends were greatly convinced by his findings and advised Copernicus to get it published. But he did not want to go against the teaching of the church. At that time the Earth was the center of universe. He becomes ill in 1543 and it was only on this deathbed that he agreed to have his book, ‘On the Revolution of Celestial Spheres’, published. This masterpiece produced by Nicolaus was greatly appreciated by astronomy. His findings were major breakthroughs and had a deep impact on western thought and in astronomy.

He was a famous Danish astronomer. This great astronomer deeply studied the position of the stars. He was so much fascinated by their existence that he chartered the position of various stars and produced a catalogue for later astronomers. His work laid foundations for exploring the unknown mysteries of the scintillating stars.

At the age of 17, he found much error in the existing astronomical tables and set about making new observations. In 1572, his efforts mere crowned with success when he discovered a new star in Cassiopeia the supernova now known as Tycho’s Star. The Danish King in 1576 helped him to build a new observatory called Uraniborg. Tycho Brahe spent almost 20 years in this observatory and produced the positions of as many as 777 stars.

He was a German mathematician and astronomer. He started his career as a professor in mathematics and later got inclined to Astronomy. He challenged the popular findings of his time about the planetary motion. On the basis of his observations he discovered that planets move in elliptical, rather than circular orbits around the Sun. he become a professor of mathematics at Graz, Austria, where one of his tasks was to make logs of the weather by looking at the stars. Soon he becomes interested in astronomy. In 1956, he wrote his first major work, ‘Mysterium Cosmographium’ while working as an astronomer.

He was so much satiated with his work that he sent copies to the major astronomer of the day, including the eminent Tycho Brahe. Kepler’s findings greatly impressed Tycho Brahe who invented Kepler to be his assistant in Pargue. When Tycho Brahe died, he left Kapler his books of observations and Kepler continued with the unfinished work of Tycho Brahe. Kepler soon took as imperial mathematician under the then Hungarian king and Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. His deep study of Mars and later the motion of planets, where major breakthroughs in astronomy.

He was born in November 30, 1858 at Mymansingh in Bangladesh. He had a fascination for innovative Experiments in Physics even during his school days. He was proud son of Bhagwan Chandra Bose. He completed his B.sc from St. Xavier’s College and D.sc from London University. He took his teaching assignment as Assistant Professor of Physics at the Presidency College, Calcutta and remained its Emeritus Professor during 1915-17. He was Catalytic force behind the Bose Institute at Calcutta and remained its Life Director from 1917-37. He was the elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920. He was the General President of the Indian Science Congress Association during 1927. Dr. Bose was a distinguished Indian Scientist who announced his Discovery at the international Conference of Physicists in 1900 and later in England. Bose proved that’s plants respond to pain and suffering very much like human even when the plants are cut or transplanted. To prove his theory, Bose invented instrument called the “Resonate Recorder”. This instrument was very sensitive and could record the sub-test of changes inside plant. On the basis of his proposed theory and Experiments he concluded that in plant as in animals the underling protoplasmic matter has the same fundamental properties of irritability, contractility, conductivity and rhythmicity. These characteristics were explained in greater details in the famous publication entitled “Plant physiological Investigation.”

He made outstanding research on electrophysiology of excitation in plant and animal tissues. He was a dedicated investigator, prolific writer and a voracious reader. He contributed about 150 articles and 11 monographs. He established Bose Institute at Calcutta, of which he was the Life Director till his death in 1937. He Died on November, 23, 1937. Bose Has made significant contribution in advancement of scientific knowledge and his finding on plant earned him wide respect and admiration from scientists all the world.